This systematic review and meta-analysis included nine observational studies involving 658,708 adults with cardiogenic shock managed with or without Shock Teams or related advanced shock care models. These models were associated with lower in-hospital mortality, the primary outcome (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.74–0.90). Medium-term mortality was also lower (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.48–0.72), with follow-up ranging from 60 to 365 days. Associations remained significant in sensitivity analyses, but clinical and methodological heterogeneity persisted, limiting causal interpretation of these observational findings.
Shock Teams and related care models were associated with lower mortality in cardiogenic shock. These findings support further prospective evaluation rather than establishing a causal survival benefit.
Study limitation: All included studies were observational, and persistent clinical and methodological heterogeneity limits causal inference.
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